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Jump to Page You are on page 1of 4 What is Human Geography Focuses on how people make places, organize space and society, how we interact with h each other in places and across space, and how we make sense of others and ourselves in our localities,...
The Five Themes The five themes are determined from the spatial perspective of geography. Location- geographical position of people and things Location theory seeks to answer questions some theoretical others highly practical Human-environment interactions the relationship between humans and the environment. Place, unique human and physical characteristics. The special character and meaning of places. Sense of Place- developed by people using meaning and emotion. Perceptions of places- learned through books, movies, stories, and pictures. Movement- mobility of people, goods, and ideas across the surface of the planet. Spatial Interaction- Interconnectedness of places Distances- measured physical space between places Accessibility- ease of reaching one place from another.
Cultural Landscape. Landscape- material character of a place Cultural landscape- the visible imprint of human activity on the landscape Sequent occupants- imprints of occupants whose impacts are layered one on top of the other Why do Geographers use maps and what they tell us? Cartography- the art and science of making maps. Reference maps- show locations of places and geographic features. Thematic maps- tell stories typically showing the degree of some attribute or the movement of a geographic phenomenon. Absolute locations- using coordinate systems that allows you to plot precisely where on Earth something is.
Global Positioning system GPS - allows us to locate things on surface of the Earth with extraordinary accuracy. Geocaching is a hobby based on the use of a GPS to play a treasure hunt all over the world. Relative location describes a place in relation to other human and physical features. Mental maps- places weve been or heard of in our mind Activity places- places we travel daily school, work Generalized maps help us see all of the cases of a given phenomenon. Remote sensing- using technology that is distance away from the place being studied. Geographic information systems GIS - spatial data organized by digitalized representations of the environment.
Why are Geographers concerned with scale and connectedness? The scale at which we study a geographic phenomenon tells us what level of detail we can expect to see. Regions- geographers often divide the world into regions for analysis. A region is an area that share similar characteristics. A formal region has a shared trait- it can be shared cultural trait or physical trait. In a formal cultural region people share one or more cultural traits.
Functional region is defined by a particular set of activities or interaction that occur within it. Perceptual regions are intellectual constructs design to help us understand the nature and distribution of phenomena in human geography. Culture- music, literature, arts, and way of life, fashion, food preferences, architecture, education, government, and law. Culture complex- a combination of culture traits. Cultural hearth- area were cultural traits develop and diffuse. Independent invention- trait with many hearths that developed independent of each other. Diffusion The spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth source is called cultural diffusion. Time distance decay- acceptance of innovation becomes less likely the longer it takes to reach its potential Cultural barriers- certain ideas or practices are not adoptable because of prevailing attitude or taboos.
Expansion diffusion- an innovation or idea that develops in hearth and remains strong while spreading outward. Contagious diffusion- expansion which all individuals or places are affected Hierarchical diffusion- a chain of diffusions. Stimulus diffusion- pushed innovation. Experimented by receivers Relocation diffusion- movement of individuals with an idea or innovation.
What are geographic concepts, and how are they used in answering geographic questions Geographic concepts are most of the bold faced words in this chapter. Environmental determinism- human behavior, individually and collectively, is strongly affected byeven controlled or determined by the physical environment. Environmentally determinist theories helped move the geographic study of the relationships between human society and the environment in different directions.
Isotherms- lines connecting points of equal temperature values. Possibilism - natural environment serves to limit the range of the culture. Political ecology- an area of inquiry fundamentally concerned with the environmental consequences of dominant political-economic arrangements and understandings. Related Interests.
Jump to Page You are on page 1of 4 What is Human Geography Focuses on how people make places, organize space and society, how we interact with h each other in places and across space, and how we make sense of others and ourselves in our localities, regions, and the world. Multitude of ways in which people identify themselves and others. World consists of nearly countries, diversity of religions, thousands of languages, and settlements from small villages to enormous cities.
Globalization is a set of processes that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and heightening interdependence without regard to country border. People explore, travel, migrate, interact, play, live, and work. We make places, communities, nations, and broader social networks. What are Geographic Questions? Physical geography is the study of physical geography on Earth. Geographers are interested in the spatial arrangement of places and phenomena, how they are laid out, organized, and arranged on earth and how they appear on the landscape.
Spatial distribution is how something is distributed across space, a geographer can raise questions about how the arrangement came about, what processes create and sustain the particular pattern of the distribution. The Spatial Perspective History is to appreciate how events, circumstances, and ideas came together at particular times to produce certain outcomes. Know of how events developed over time is understanding who we are and where we are going.
The Five Themes The five themes are determined from the spatial perspective of geography. Location- geographical position of people and things Location theory seeks to answer questions some theoretical others highly practical Human-environment interactions the relationship between humans and the environment. Place, unique human and physical characteristics. The special character and meaning of places. Sense of Place- developed by people using meaning and emotion. Perceptions of places- learned through books, movies, stories, and pictures. Movement- mobility of people, goods, and ideas across the surface of the planet.
Spatial Interaction- Interconnectedness of places Distances- measured physical space between places Accessibility- ease of reaching one place from another. Cultural Landscape. Landscape- material character of a place Cultural landscape- the visible imprint of human activity on the landscape Sequent occupants- imprints of occupants whose impacts are layered one on top of the other Why do Geographers use maps and what they tell us? Cartography- the art and science of making maps. Reference maps- show locations of places and geographic features. Thematic maps- tell stories typically showing the degree of some attribute or the movement of a geographic phenomenon. Absolute locations- using coordinate systems that allows you to plot precisely where on Earth something is. Global Positioning system GPS - allows us to locate things on surface of the Earth with extraordinary accuracy. Geocaching is a hobby based on the use of a GPS to play a treasure hunt all over the world.
Relative location describes a place in relation to other human and physical features. Mental maps- places weve been or heard of in our mind Activity places- places we travel daily school, work Generalized maps help us see all of the cases of a given phenomenon. Remote sensing- using technology that is distance away from the place being studied. Geographic information systems GIS - spatial data organized by digitalized representations of the environment. Why are Geographers concerned with scale and connectedness? The scale at which we study a geographic phenomenon tells us what level of detail we can expect to see.
Regions- geographers often divide the world into regions for analysis. A region is an area that share similar characteristics. A formal region has a shared trait- it can be shared cultural trait or physical trait. In a formal cultural region people share one or more cultural traits. Functional region is defined by a particular set of activities or interaction that occur within it. Perceptual regions are intellectual constructs design to help us understand the nature and distribution of phenomena in human geography. Culture- music, literature, arts, and way of life, fashion, food preferences, architecture, education, government, and law.
Culture complex- a combination of culture traits. Cultural hearth- area were cultural traits develop and diffuse. Independent invention- trait with many hearths that developed independent of each other. Diffusion The spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth source is called cultural diffusion. Time distance decay- acceptance of innovation becomes less likely the longer it takes to reach its potential Cultural barriers- certain ideas or practices are not adoptable because of prevailing attitude or taboos. Expansion diffusion- an innovation or idea that develops in hearth and remains strong while spreading outward. Contagious diffusion- expansion which all individuals or places are affected Hierarchical diffusion- a chain of diffusions. Stimulus diffusion- pushed innovation. Experimented by receivers Relocation diffusion- movement of individuals with an idea or innovation.
What are geographic concepts, and how are they used in answering geographic questions Geographic concepts are most of the bold faced words in this chapter. Environmental determinism- human behavior, individually and collectively, is strongly affected byeven controlled or determined by the physical environment. Environmentally determinist theories helped move the geographic study of the relationships between human society and the environment in different directions. Isotherms- lines connecting points of equal temperature values. Possibilism - natural environment serves to limit the range of the culture. Political ecology- an area of inquiry fundamentally concerned with the environmental consequences of dominant political-economic arrangements and understandings. Related Interests.
Aristotle - who was the first to demonstrate that Earth was spherical on the basis of evidence b. Thales - who applied principles of geometry to measuring land areas c. Eratosthenes - the inventor of the word geography, who accepted that Earth was round, calculated its circumference within 0. Ptolemy - who wrote the eight-volume Guide to Geography, codified basic principles of mapmaking, and prepared numerous maps that were not improved upon for more than 1, years e. Phei Hsiu - the father of chinese cartography, produced an elaborate map of China in A. Ibn-Battutah - a moroccan scholar, who wrote Rihla based on three decades of journeys covering more than , kilometers through the Muslim world of Northern Africa, Southern Europe, and much of Asia g. Robinson Projection - by allocating space to the oceans, the land areas are much smaller than on interrupted maps of the same size b.
Mercator Projection - relative size is grossly distorted toward the poles, making high-latitude places look much larger than they actually are 21 why was the Land Ordinance of so significant? GIS produces maps that are more accurate and attractive than those drawn by hand. Geographers and mapmakers use it. It is valuable because it is more accurate and it can construct more complex maps and measure changes over time in the characteristics of places 27 what is "remote sensing" and how does it work?
Remote sensing satellites scan Earth's surface and transmit images in digital form to a receiving station on Earth's surface 28 what is "topographic map" and how is it used? It is used for camping, hiking, hunting, fishing, urban planning, resource management, and surveying 29 what is GPS and who uses it? GPS is a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth. GPS uses satellites to figure out the distance to each, and use this information to pinpoint its own location.
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